Foot problems are one of the most common causes of lameness in horses, ponies, and donkeys. Recognising the early signs and acting quickly can make all the difference to the animal’s comfort and recovery.

Why foot problems are so painful

Horses walk on a single toe per foot, encased in a hard hoof. When that hoof becomes inflamed due to injury or infection, the swelling has nowhere to go. The result? Significant pressure and pain.

One of the most reliable signs of foot pain is lameness. A horse with an uneven gait should always be checked immediately to identify the cause.

Common causes of lameness in horses

Stone bruises

Stone bruises are a frequent cause of lameness, particularly in horses working on hard or rocky ground.

If you suspect a bruise or abscess, drainage through the sole may be required — but this should only be done by an experienced professional.

Without treatment, bruising can lead to a foot abscess that may eventually burst at the coronet band and take months to heal.

Treatment involves:

• Careful cleaning and bandaging

• Possible antibiotics from a vet

• Strict hygiene to prevent further infection

Traumatic injury

Cuts and abrasions often lead to swelling and lameness. Minor wounds should be gently hosed, then treated with antiseptic or vet-recommended ointment. Serious wounds need veterinary attention, especially those that are:

• Bleeding heavily

• Contaminated with debris

• Deep or gaping

Your vet may recommend:

• Stitches or pressure bandages

• Antibiotics

• Tetanus antitoxin (if not vaccinated)

Strains and blunt trauma (such as sore shins or tendon injuries) are also common causes of lameness. Rest is key, and recovery can take several weeks.

Laminitis (Founder)

Ponies and donkeys, particularly if overweight, are prone to laminitis. This painful condition causes inflammation in the front feet.

Early treatment includes:

• Removing from pasture

• Feeding only hay and water

• Pain relief from your vet

If left untreated, laminitis can cause permanent hoof damage. Long-term treatment requires expert trimming and ongoing management.

Arthritis

Arthritis is especially common in older horses, though younger horses can develop it after joint injuries.

The affected joint often becomes swollen and stiff.

Treatment options include:

• Pain relief (e.g. bute)

• Joint supplements

• Controlled exercise

Some cases cannot be cured, only managed. If arthritis severely impacts quality of life and mobility, euthanasia may be the kindest option.

Other causes of lameness

• Over-trimming can leave the sole tender.

• Exercise on hard ground can wear the horn and cause soreness.

• Allow time for hoof recovery before resuming work.

• Muscle stiffness or back injuries may also cause an uneven stride.

Preventing foot problems in horses and donkeys

• Check and clean hooves at least weekly.

• Schedule regular trimming with a qualified farrier.

• Maintain a healthy body condition.

• Provide regular gentle exercise to avoid obesity and stiffness.

Learn more

Want to confidently identify and manage common hoof issues? Our Feet & Foot Problems online course has practical advice tailored for lifestyle farmers.

Continue the Series

Part One: Lameness in Livestock Overview

Part Three: Lameness in Sheep, Goats, Cattle and Deer